To meet its 2030 climate goals, India needs $500 billion across 20 low-carbon technologies in power, industry, and mobility—well above today’s investment levels.
While mobilizing $500 billion may seem overwhelming, the route begins with securing a far smaller amount—$10 billion—in catalytic capital, financing that is patient, risk-tolerant, focused on development, and accepting of lower returns.
Our analysis shows that the ‘leverage multiple’ (total investment mobilized per dollar of catalytic capital) depends on a technology’s maturity and the type of financial support provided. This ranges from 35x for solar (a mature technology which requires credit enhancement guarantees) to 2x for green hydrogen (a nascent technology which requires more equity support). This implies that power and renewables require $1.5 billion, green hydrogen needs $5.9 billion, and electric mobility requires $2.7 billion in catalytic capital through 2030.
Overall, we find that each dollar of catalytic capital mobilizes five dollars of ‘blended finance’—which combines catalytic capital with commercial capital (financing at market rates). This capital improves risk-adjusted returns, allowing commercial private investment to participate in climate projects. As a result, $10 billion in catalytic capital can mobilize $50 billion in blended finance.
In line with global examples, blended finance typically makes up 10% of total financing. For India, $10 billion in catalytic capital can yield $50 billion in total blended finance, in turn paving the way to meet the $500 billion required for the country’s most critical climate-related needs.